登録：分析対象（Create Operating Concern）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——管理会計（Controlling）
|———登録：分析対象（Create Operating Concern）
Create Operating Concern

In this activity, you define your operating concerns. The operating concern is an organizational unit in accounting which structures a enterprise from the Profitability Analysis point of view.

When you create an operating concern, you only define the organizational unit itself (that is, the name and description). The master data and the functional characteristics for the operating concern are not defined until you configure the system for the “Profitability Analysis” component. You do this by choosing Controlling -> Profitability Analysis. If you create an operating concern under Structures -> Define Operating Concern, the respective name and description is entered in automatically.

登録：原価センタ（Create Cost Centers）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——管理会計（Controlling）
|———登録：原価センタ（Create Cost Centers）T-CD：KS01

Create Cost Centers

In the following section you learn how to create cost centers .

Note on Cost Centers

Requirements
•You have completed the step Maintain controlling area in the IMG General Controlling under Organization.
•You have maintained the necessary cost center types.
•You defined a standard hierarchy.

Activities

Create your cost centers.

Note on transport

To transport cost centers, a separate function is available in the IMG General Controlling.

Addtional information

For more information on creating cost centers, see the SAP Library under Controlling -> Cost Center Accounting -> Cost Center Accounting Module Administration -> Cost Centers and Cost Center Groups -> Maintaining Cost Centers.

更新：管理領域（Maintain Controlling Area）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——管理会計（Controlling）
|———更新：管理領域（Maintain Controlling Area）T-CD：OX06

Maintain Controlling Area

In this IMG activity you
•create new controlling areas or
•Copy existing ones.

The controlling area is an organizational unit in Accounting used to subdivide the business organization from a cost accounting standpoint.

The controlling area is embedded in the organizational structure as follows:
•A controlling area may be assigned one or more company codes.
◦1:1 relationship
You carry out cost accounting on a cross-company code basis.The internal and external accounting viewpoints are identical.◦1:n relationship
In cross-company-code cost accounting, all data relevant to cost accounting appears in a common controlling area and is available for allocations and evaluations. The internal and external accounting goals diverge. This method is preferred when, for example, a corporation posesses several independent subsidiaries and undertakes centralized cost accounting for all.
If you implement the CO (Controlling) component, you must maintain basic data and control indicators in the for the controlling area. You make these settings in the Controlling IMG.

Recommendation

We recommend that you use the controlling area “0001” supplied by SAP “0001” or that you copy this controlling area to your own controlling area and then making adjustments to suit your needs. Preliminary settings such as the definition of number ranges are already maintained for this controlling area.

Activities

Copy Controlling Area “0001”
1. Adapt the default settings to your country.a) To do this, choose Enterprise Structure -> Localize Sample Organizational Units in Customizing.b) Choose Country version.2. Create your own controlling area with company code as a Copy of controlling area “0001” with company code “0001”.3. Adjust this copy to your requirements.a) To do so, in the dialog box, choose Maintain controlling area.b) Select your controlling area and change the settings.
Create Controlling Area
1. Choose Maintain controlling area2. Choose New entries and enter the basic data.3. Enter a key and a name for your company code.4. Specify the allocation of company codes and controlling area.5. Make the currency settings.6. Speciy a chart of accountsfor the controlling area.7. Enter a fiscal year variant.
Delete controlling area

You can delete the controlling areas supplied by SAP if you:
•Create all organizational units afresh.
•Have created all organizational units using the SAP delivery data.
To do so, create your own controlling area with company code as a copy of the controlling area “0001” with company code “0001”.Now delete the controlling areas you no longer require.
To delete a controlling area supplied by SAP, proceed as follows:
1. In the dialog box, choose Delete SAP Delivery Data.2. From the list, select the controlling areas you want to delete.3. Choose Delete.
Note on deleting SAP delivery data

Further Notes

In cross-company code cost accounting, where a controlling area includes several company codes with differing currencies, assign the group currency as controlling area currency. The related company codes must all use the same operative chart of accounts.

During number assignment for organizational units in the controlling area ( cost center, profit center, etc.), keep the possible addition of other company codes in mind as you work.

All internal allocation transactions refer only to objects belonging to the same controlling area.

定義：利益センタ（Define Profit Center）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——財務会計（Financial Accounting）
|———定義：利益センタ（Define Profit Center）T-CD：KE51

Define Profit Center

With this function you create profit center and change profit center master data.

Prerequisites
•Set the desired controlling area beforehand.
•The standard hierarchy for the controlling area must have been created either directly of via the enterprise organization.

Actions

See the SAP Library for Profit Center Accounting, under Basic

Functions -> Master Data -> Profit Center for detailled instructions.

Further notes

You can copy cost centers to profit centers and then change these as desired.

Notes on transporting

You can transport the Customizing settings for Profit Center Accounting under Transport Connection.

更新：財務管理領域（Maintain FM Area）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——財務会計（Financial Accounting）
|———更新：財務管理領域（Maintain FM Area）

Maintain FM Area

In this step, you create your financial management (FM) areas. The financial management area is an organizational unit within accounting which structures the business organization from the perspective of Cash Budget Management and Funds Management.

You define the functional characteristics of FM areas separately for both Cash Budget Management and Funds Management in the implementation guide for each of these areas.

To be able to take advantage of the high degree of integration in the SAP system, you must link the FM areas with organization units from other applications.  For example: if you assign a Financial Accounting document to a Funds Management object (such as a commitment item or funds center), the system has to determine an FM area, so that it can record the data in Funds Management.  For this reason, you must specify how the appropriate FM area is to be determined.

The FM area is taken from the company code when you assign a company code to an FM area.  More than one company code can be assigned to an FM area.

You make this assignment in the second step by assigning the company code (relevant to Cash Budget Management or Funds Management) to an FM area. For more information on this, see step “Assign company code to FM area”.

Standard settings

FM area 0001 has already been installed in the standard SAP system.

Activities

Create your FM areas under a four-character key and define a name and currency for each FM area you create.

The FM area currency need not be the same as the currency in any of the assigned company code.

In the event that you later want to change the FM area currency, bear in mind that you cannot do this after you have posted any actual data for this FM area in the front-end systems (Financial Accounting, Materials Management).

You maintain the other FM area parameters, such as the fiscal year variant, later.

編集/コピー/削除/チェック：会社コード（Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——財務会計（Financial Accounting）
|———編集/コピー/削除/チェック：会社コード（Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code）

Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code

In this activity you create your company codes. The company code is an organizational unit used in accounting. It is used to structure the business organization from a financial accounting perspective.

We recommend that you copy a company code from an existing company code. This has the advantage that you also copy the existing company code-specific parameters. If necessary, you can then change certain data in the relevant application. This is much less time-consuming than creating a new company code. See “Recommendations” for more details about copying a company code.

If you do not wish to copy an existing company code, you can create a new company code and make all the settings yourself. You define your company codes by specifying the following information:
•Company code key
You can select a four-character alpha-numeric key as the company code key. This key identifies the company code and must be entered when posting business transactions or creating company code-specific master data, for example.•Company code name
•Address data
The address data is necessary for correspondence and is printed on reports, such as the advance return for tax on sales/purchases.•Country currency
Your accounts must be managed in the national currency. This currency is also known as the local currency or the company code currency. Amounts that are posted in foreign currency are translated into local currency.•Country key
The country key specifies which country is to be seen as the home country; all other countries are interpreted as “abroad”. This is significant for business and payment transactions because different forms are used for foreign payment transactions. This setting also enables you to use different address formatting for foreign correspondence.•Language key
The system uses the language key to determine text automatically in the language of the relevant country. This is necessary when creating checks, for example.
You do not specify the functional characteristic of the company code until configuring the relevant application.

You can set up several company codes per client to manage the accounts of independent organizations simultaneously. At least one company code must be set up in each client.

To take full advantage of SAP system integration, you must link company codes to the organizational units of other applications. If, for example, you specify a CO account assignment (for example, cost center or internal order) when entering a document in FI, then the system must determine a controlling area to transfer this data to CO. You must specify how the system is to determine the appropriate controlling area.

The system derives the controlling area from the company code if you assign it directly to a company code. You can also assign several company codes to one controlling area.

Standard settings

Company code 0001 has already been created in clients 000 and 001 for the country DE (Germany). All country-specific information (“parameters”) is preset in this company code, such as the payment methods, tax calculation procedures, and chart of accounts typical for this country.

If you want to create a company code for the USA and its legal requirements, you must first of all run the country installation program in client 001. The country of company code 0001 is then set to “US” and all country-specific parameters related to it are set to the USA. For more information, see the Set Up Clients activity under “Basic Functions” in the Customizing menu.

Recommendation

You should keep the preset company code number 0001 if you only require one company code. This keeps to a minimum the number of tables you need to set up.

You can copy a company code using a special Customizing function. Company code-specific specifications are copied to your new company code. The target company code must not yet be defined, it is defined automatically during the copying procedure.

SAP recommends the following procedure when creating company codes:
1. Create the company code using the function “Copy Company Code”.2. Enter special company code data with the function “Edit Company Code Data”.
You can also use the function “Edit Company Code Data” to create a company code. However, in this instance, the company code “global data” is not copied. If you create a company code using the “Copy” function, most of the “global data” is also copied.

Further notes

You should create a company code according to tax law, commercial law, and other financial accounting criteria. As a rule, a company code in the SAP system represents a legally independent company. The company code can also represent a legally dependent operating unit based abroad if there are external reporting requirements for this operating unit, which can also be in the relevant local currency.

For segment reporting according to Anglo-American accounting practices, you need to represent the regions in which the company has significant dealings. This reporting data can be generated entirely on the basis of company codes.

For processing company codes, there are extended functions that you can access with the function call “administer” or “Copy, delete, check company code”. The entry in the company code table is processed in these functions as well as all dependent Customizing and system tables in which the plant is a key.

For more information on the extended functions, see Copy/Delete/Check/Process Project IMG.

In addition to these functions, there is also the “Replace” function. You use this function if you want to change a company code key. This is only possible if no postings have been made in the company code that is to be replaced. You should therefore only use this function for newly-created company codes.

Activities
1. Create your company codes based on the reference (company code 0001) delivered with the standard system. SAP recommends using the function “Copy Company Code” to create your company codes.2. Go to the activity “Edit Company Code Data” and change the name, description, address, and currency. Maintain the company code data that has not been copied.3. Use the project IMG view to postprocess data that is changed automatically. You can also carry out postprocessing at a later stage since the system keeps the generated project view.

定義: 与信管理領域（Define Credit Control Area）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——財務会計（Financial Accounting）
|———定義: 与信管理領域（Define Credit Control Area）

定義: 与信管理領域

このステップでは、与信管理領域を定義します。与信管理領域とは、得意先の与
信限度を指定しチェックする組織単位のことです。

注記

与信管理領域に一つ以上の会社コードを割り当てることができますが、

会社コードを複数の与信管理領域に割り当てることはできません。
ひとつの与信管理領域内では、与信限度を同じ通貨で指定する必要があります。

標準設定

与信管理領域 0001 は SAP 標準システムで定義されています。

アクティビティ

与信管理領域を使用する場合は、新たに与信管理領域を設定するか、

事前設定された与信管理領域を使用して下さい。
Define Credit Control Area

In this step, you define your credit control areas. The credit control area is an organizational unit that specifies and checks a credit limit for customers.

Note

A credit control area can include one or more company codes. It is not possible to assign a company code to more than one control control area. Within a credit control area, the credit limits must be specified in the same currency.

Standard settings

The credit control area 0001 is defined in the SAP standard system.

Activities

Define your credit control areas.

連結会社の定義（Define company）

企業構造（Enterprise Structure）
|—-定義（Definition）
|——財務会計（Financial Accounting）
|———会社の定義（Define company）

このステップにて、連結会社を登録します。 連結会社は会計管理における組織単位であり、個々の国の商法の規定に従った、 企業組織に対応するものです。

連結会社定義で、それぞれの連結会社用の基本データを登録します。財務会計でカスタマイジングを行う際は、特定の機能の指定をするだけになります。
連結会社 G00000 はすべての外部キーテーブルに事前設定されています。

SAPシステムでは、財務会計の連結機能は連結会社を基準としています。連結会社は、1 つもしくは複数の会社コードからなります。

連結会社を登録する際、グループ会計に関する以下の点を考慮する必要があります。
•複数の クライアントを組織として使用しているならば、連結会社はグループ内の取引先としかならず、それぞれのシステムにおいて処理されないので、
連結会社を各クライアントにて更新する必要があります。

このことは、グループ内の取引先の勘定割当の前提条件となります。
•連結会社は、連結会社グループ (連結対象会社) を構成するものとして分類されます。通常、親会社が連結会社グループ一覧 (連結対象会社一覧)を提出します。
•法的に従属している支店を “連結会社”とし、それらを連結によってひとつにまとめて法的単位をすることも可能です。

推奨

SAPは、ひとつの連結会社のみを必要とする場合には、事前定義されている連結会社コード G00000 は、そのままにしておくことを推奨します。
これにより、設定する必要のあるテーブルの数を減らすことができます。

アクティビティ

連結会社を登録してください。

詳細注記

連結会社に対応するすべての会社コードは、同じ 勘定コード表および同じ 会計年度を使用する必要があります。

通貨については、異なる通貨を使用 することができます。
In this step you can create companies. A company is an organizational unit in Accounting which represents a business organization according to the requirements of commercial law in a particular country.

You store basic data for each company in company definition. You only specify particular functions when you customize in Financial Accounting. Company G0000 is preset in all foreign key tables.

In the SAP system, consolidation functions in financial accounting are based on companies. A company can comprise one or more company codes.

When you create a company you should bear in mind the following points relating to group accounting:
•If your organization uses several clients, the companies which only appear as group-internal business partners, and are not operational in each system, must be maintained in each client. This is a precondition for the account assignment of a group-internal trading partner.
•Companies must be cataloged in a list of company IDs which is consistent across the group. The parent company usually provides this list of company IDs.
•It is also acceptable to designate legally dependent branches ‘companies’ and join them together as a legal unit by consolidation.

Recommendation

SAP recommends that you keep the preset company ID G00000 if you only require one company. In this way you reduce the number of tables which you need to adjust.

Activities

Create your companies.

Further notes

All company codes for a company must work with the same operational chart of accounts and fiscal year. The currencies used can be different.

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